Top 10 Dot Net Interview Question and Answer

1.List out the differences between Array and ArrayList in C#?
ANS :

• Array stores the values or elements of same data type but ArrayList stores values of different datatypes.
• Arrays will use the fixed length but ArrayList does not use fixed length like the array.

2.What is the difference between “dispose of” and “finalize” variables in C#?

ANS : 

• Dispose - This method uses interface – “IDisposable” interface and it will free up both managed and unmanaged codes like – database connection, files etc.
• Finalize - This method is called internally unlike Dispose method which is called explicitly. It is called by the garbage collector and can’t be called from the code.

3.What is the difference between “continue” and “break” statements in C#?

ANS : 

• “continue” statement is used to pass the control to next iteration. This statement can be used with – “while”, “for”, “for each” loops.
• “break” statement is used to exit the loop.

4.What are the Access Modifiers in C#?

ANS : 

• Different Access Modifier is - Public, Private, Protected, Internal, Protected Internal
• Public – When a method or attribute is defined as Public, it can be accessed from any code in the project. For example, in the above Class “Employee” getName() and setName() are public.
• Private - When a method or attribute is defined as Private, It can be accessed by any code within the containing class only. For example, in the above Class “Employee” attributes name and salary can be accessed within the Class Employee Only. If an attribute or class is defined without access modifiers, it's default access modifier will be private.
• Protected - When attribute and methods are defined as protected, it can be accessed by any method in the inherited classes and any method within the same class. The protected access modifier cannot be applied to classes and interfaces. Methods and fields in an interface can't be declared protected.
• Internal – If an attribute or method is defined as Internal, access is restricted to classes within the current project assembly.
• Protected Internal – If an attribute or method is defined as Protected Internal, access is restricted to classes within the current project assembly and types derived from the containing class.

5.What is Polymorphism in C#?

ANS : The ability of a programming language to process objects in different ways depending on their data type or class is known as Polymorphism. There are two types of polymorphism

Compile time polymorphism. Best example is Overloading

Runtime polymorphism. Best example is Overriding

6.What is a Destructor in C#? 

ANS : The destructor is a special method that gets invoked/called automatically whenever an object of a given class gets destroyed. The main idea behind using destructor is to free the memory used by the object.

7.In which event are the controls fully loaded?

ANS : Page load event guarantees that all controls are fully loaded. Controls are also accessed in Page_Init events but you will see that view state is not fully loaded during this event

8.What is the difference between a default skin and a named skin?

ANS : The default skin is applied to all the Web server controls in a Web form, which are of similar type, and it does not provide a Skin ID attribute. The named skin provides a Skin ID attribute and users have to set the Skin ID property to apply it.

9.How can you enable impersonation in the web.config file?

ANS : To enable impersonation in the web.confing file, you need to include the <identity> element in the web.config file and set the impersonate attribute to true as shown in the following code snippet:

<identity impersonate = "true" />

10.What is the difference between a class and an object, and how do these terms relate to each other?

ANS : A class is a comprehensive data type that is the primary building block, or template, of OOP. The class defines attributes and methods of objects and contains an object’s behavior and data. An object, on the other hand, represents an instance of the class. As a basic unit of a system, objects have identity and behavior as well as attributes.

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During the.NET interview, make sure candidates respond to the second part of this question, about how these terms are related to each other. Answer: The relationship is based on the fact that a class defines the states and properties that are common to a range of objects.

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.NET Framework for Business Application Development

The .NET Training in Chennai Framework may be a programming model that supports building and running of software package applications for Windows, Windows Server, Windows Phone, Microsoft Azure, and XML internet services. it's developed by Microsoft and runs on Microsoft Windows. The .NET Framework consists of an outsized category library called Framework category Library (FCL), and customary Language Runtime (CLR) that provides language ability across many programming languages.


This framework was written to beat several of the issues of application development together with long development times, inability to alter applications quickly, the high total value of possession of software package and easy readying.

Features of Common Language Runtime (CLR):

• Manages memory, execution of threads and code, verification of code safety, compilation, and different system services
• Implements code access security
• Ensures code strength through a strict kind-and-code-verification infrastructure known as the common type system (CTS). .Net Training Institute in Chennai
• Just-in-time (JIT) assembling permits all managed code to run within the native machine language of the system on that it's execution and memory manager removes prospects of fragmented memory and will increase memory locality-of-reference which boosts performance.
• Runtime will be hosted by server-side applications, like Microsoft SQL Server and web info Services (IIS) that ar high on performance

Features of Framework Class Library (FCL):

• Includes a group of ordinary category libraries. These category libraries execute common functions, like graphic rendering, info interaction, and XML document manipulation, among others.
• Collection of reusable sorts that ar closely integrated with the CLR.
• Object-oriented category library that aims to accomplish a spread of common programming tasks, like string management, information assortment, info property, and file access

Advantages of .NET for Business Application Development

The success or failure of any project or product within the market is set by its come back on investment. each the quantum of profits and time taken area unit vital aspects of scheming ROI. the subsequent options of  Dot Net Training Course in Chennai facilitate reduction of organic process ANd operational price for an economical IT organization.

1.Less cryptography and exaggerated utilise of Code:

This framework works on object-oriented programming that eliminates superfluous codes and involves less cryptography for the developers. .NET consists of re-useable code and lots of re-useable parts. This interprets into less time and consequently less price to develop applications.

2.Deployment:

With options like no-impact applications, personal parts, controlled code sharing, side-by-side versioning and partly trusty code, the .NET framework makes readying easier post development. The code execution setting supports safe code execution for reduced conflicts in software package readying and versioning, and decreased performance issues of scripted or taken environments.

3.Reliability:

Since its unharness in 2002, .NET has been accustomed develop thousands of applications. Its performance on Microsoft® Windows Server™ 2003 and Windows 2000 Server is additionally terribly stable and reliable.

4.Security:

.NET offers increased application security as net applications developed victimization ASP. web have Windows confirmation and configuration. Managed code and CLR supply safeguard options like role-based security and code access security.

5.Use across Platforms and Languages:

. web permits developers to develop applications for a desktop, a browser, a mobile browser (like on your cell phone), or AN application running on personal organiser. .NET is promoted as a language-independent framework, which suggests that development will happen in several compliant languages that embrace C#, managed C++, VB.NET, Visual COBOL, IronPython, IronRuby and additional.

6.Use for Service-Oriented Architecture:

.NET is commonly used for net Services, that area unit {a solution|an ANswer} for corporal punishment an SOA strategy. Through net Services, applications that area unit designed in several programming languages or platforms, area unit ready to communicate and transmit knowledge utilizing commonplace net protocols.

7.Integration with heritage Systems:

The capability of .NET to method every kind of XML documents and write any format of file with pace and ease, provides multiple routes for integration.

Types of applications that can be created with .NET

Desktop applications that include:

• Windows graphical user interface application or Windows Forms (or Winforms) applications
• Accounting applications
• Product/inventory applications
• Warehousing applications mistreatment hand-held devices
• Applications for price chain/supply management
• Windows services applications

Web primarily based applications including:

• Websites
• XML internet services
• Applications requiring integration with partners through the net
• Applications on embedded systems like:
• PDA (hand-held) applications
• Applications for mobiles
• Others including:

Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) applications

• Console primarily based applications
• Service-oriented applications mistreatment Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)
• Workflow-enabled applications mistreatment Windows work flow Foundation (WF)
• ASP.NET applications

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New Improvements Found in the .NET Framework Version 4.6.2

In the late Nineteen Nineties, Microsoft began functioning on a general purpose development platform that quickly became the infrastructure for building, deploying and running a vast range of applications and services with relative ease whereas specializing in the web User expertise (IUE). Then, in February of 2002, Microsoft finally launched the primary version of those shared technology resources underneath its original name, Next Generation Windows Services (NGWS). With DLL libraries and object-oriented support for internet app development, the Dot Net Training in Chennai Framework one.0 was a digital transformation that introduced North American nation all to managed writing.

Although .NET Core has been attention in recent years, work on the first.NET Framework has still progressed. In fact, on August two, 2016, Microsoft proclaimed the much-anticipated unharness of Version four.6.2. in line with MS, there square measure “dozens of bug fixes and enhancements.” Actually, there square measure virtually fourteen dozen bug fixes — 166 to be actual — to not mention all the API changes. Moreover, several of the changes found during this redo were supported developer feedback. Unnecessary to mention, things have undoubtedly improved. the subsequent may be a list of the highest 10 enhancements found in.NET 4.6.2:

1. Windows howdy

The Windows ten day of remembrance Update was discharged an equivalent day because of the latest.NET Framework. This version is already enclosed with the day of remembrance update. though it doesn’t show up as AN put in the application in “Programs and Options,” you'll notice it by finding out options and clicking on “Turn Windows options on and off.” From here, you'll regulate your options Consequently, and choose specific options by utilizing “developer mode.” Also, Windows howdy permits developers and programmers to use Windows howdy for his or her apps. for instance, third-party developers will currently permit users to log in with their face and fingerprint with ease. merely transfer the framework update.

2. Removal of Character Limits (BCL)

Microsoft removed the 260 character limitation, MAX_PATH, for NTFS in Windows. Characters in.NET 4.6.2 square measure currently classified supported the Unicode commonplace, Version 8.0.0. You’re in all probability accustomed obtaining the “path too long issue” prompt, particularly with MSBuild definitions. The error details typically state one thing like:

TF270002: a slip occurred repetition files: the required path, file name, or each square measure too long.

Or the error would possibly state one thing similar to:

Unable to make a folder. name or extension is simply too long.

Programs and server tools also can show issues in these areas, and solutions commonly concerned renaming one thing to suit the profile. typically not a problem for finish users, this limitation is a lot of common on developer machines that use specialized tools additionally running on the UNIX system, or whereas building supply trees .Net Training in Chennai. However, currently that the MAX_PATH limitation has been removed, we tend to might more knee have to be compelled to see this error message once more.

However, long methods don't seem to be nevertheless enabled by default. Therefore, you wish to line the policy to alter the support: “Enable Win32 long methods” or “Enable NTFS long paths.” Your app should even have a selected manifest setting. Also, there’s the utilization of long methods on any OS if you employ the \\?\ syntax, that is currently supported by this feature.

3. Debugging Apis (CRL)

The main adjustment to the CRL is that if the developer chooses, null reference exceptions can currently give rather more intensive debugging knowledge. The unmanaged debugging Apis will request a lot of info and perform further analysis. Next, a computer program will verify that variable in an exceedingly single line of ASCII text file is null, creating your job lots easier.

MS reports state the following APIs have been added to the unmanaged debugging API:

To expose the native home, the ICorDebugCode4, ICorDebugVariableHome, and the ICorDebugVariableHomeEnum interfaces have been added. This will allow debuggers to do some code analysis and work backward in order to determine the managed variable corresponding with the native null. Dot Net Training Institute in Chennai

The ICorDebugType2::GetTypeID method provides a mapping for ICorDebugType to COR_TYPEID. This enables the use of existing APIs on COR_TYPEID to determine the class layout of the type.

4. TextBoxBase Controls (WPF)

For security purposes, the copy and cut methods have been known to fail when they are called in partial trust. According to Microsoft, “developers can now opt-in to receiving an exception when TextBoxBase controls fail to complete a copy or cut operation.” Standard copy and cut through keyboard shortcuts, as well as the context menu, will still work the same way as before in partial trust.

5. Always Encrypted Enhancement (SQL)

This database engine is designed to protect sensitive data, such as credit card numbers. The .NET Framework for SQL Server contains two important enhancements for Always Encrypted centered around performance and security:

Performance: Encryption metadata for query parameters is now cached. Dot Net Training Course in Chennai This suggests that once the property is set to true (the default), information purchasers will retrieve parameter data from the server just the once. this is often true notwithstanding an equivalent question is named multiple times.

Security: Column cryptography entries within the key cache are evicted once an inexpensive interval. this may be set exploitation the SqlConnection.ColumnEncryptionKeyCacheTtl property. The default time is 2 hours, whereas zero suggests that no caching in the slightest degree.

6. Best Match (WCF)

NetNamedPipeBinding has been upgraded to support a replacement pipe operation referred to as “Best Match.” once exploitation this selection, the NetNamedPipeBinding service can force you to go looking for the service all the thanks to the most effective matching URI, found at the requested terminus, rather than the primary matching service found. for instance, multiple WCF knowledge Services square measure known to often listen in on named pipes. Often, a number of-of those WCF purchasers may be connected to the incorrect service. This feature is ready to attach with “First Match” because of the choice. If you want to alter this feature, you'll add the AppSetting to the App.config or internet.config file on the client’s application.

7. changing to UWP

According to Developer Resources, Windows now offers capabilities to bring existing Windows desktop apps to the Universal Windows Platform. This includes WPF as well as Windows Forms apps. For example, WPF is a powerful framework and has become a mature and stable UI platform suitable for long-term development. However, it is also a complex beast at times, because it works differently from other GUI frameworks and has a steep learning curve. However, Microsoft always seems to plan ahead, and that’s where converting to the Universal Windows Platform (UWP) enhancement comes in. This improvement enables you to gradually migrate your existing codebase to UWP, which, in turn, can help you bring your app to all Windows 10 devices. Also, it makes UWP APIs more accessible, allowing you to enable features such as Live Tiles and notifications.

8. ClickOnce

Designed long before the invention of the App Store, ClickOnce allows applications to be distributed via URLs. It can even self-update as new versions are released. Unfortunately, security has always been a big concern. Many DevOps teams have shown frustration over MS’s failure to adopt TSL standards. Finally, in addition to the 1.0 protocol, this application now supports TLS 1.1 and TLS 1.2. In fact, ClickOnce will automatically detect which protocol to use, and no action is required to enable this feature.

9. SignedXml

An implementation of the W3C’s XML Digital Signature standard, SignedXml now supports the SHA-2 family of the hashing algorithm.

The following are included signature methods, as well as reference digest algorithms that are frequently used:

RSA-SHA256

RSA-SHA384

RSA_512 PKCS#1

For more information on these and other security concerns, along with update deployment and developer guidance, please see Microsoft Knowledge Base Article 3155464, as well as the MS Security Bulletin MS16-065.

10. Soft Keyboard Support

On previous versions of.NET, it wasn’t possible to utilize focus tracking without disabling WPF pen/touch gesture support. Developers were forced to choose between full WPF touch support or Windows mouse promotion. In the latest version of Microsoft's.NET 4.6.2, Soft keyboard support permits the utilization of the bit Keyboard in WPF applications while not disabling WPF stylus/touch support on Windows ten.

To find out that version of the.NET Framework is put in on a computer:

Tap on the Windows-key, sort regedit.exe, and hit enter.

Confirm the UAC prompt.

Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP\v4\Full

Check for a DWORD worth labeled unharness, that indicates you've got the.NET Framework four.5 or newer.

For all versions of the.NET Framework and its dependencies, please check the charts listed within the Microsoft library for a lot of info.

If you would like to possess the whole.NET Framework set on your PC, you’ll get to install the subsequent versions:

.NET Framework one.1 SP1

.NET Framework three.5 SP1

.NET Framework four.6

The on top of a list is just the tip of the iceberg once describing all the options and enhancements that may be found within the.NET Framework Version four.6.2. There square measure various security and crash fixes, further support, networking enhancements, active directory services updates, and even mistake correction in EventSource. as a result of Microsoft took user feedback into thought, developers, programmers, and engineers might feel that Microsoft is finally paying attention to their wants and giving them a bit a lot of-of what they need in theirs.NET Framework.

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